Gut Guide
10 years of Mistakes in...

Authors: Arnaud Lemmers and Jacques Devière        
Affiliation:
Arnaud Lemmers is Head of Clinic, GI Endoscopy, Hospital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium. 
Jacques Devière is former Head of Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.   
Correspondence:         
Link to online article: gutflix.eu/r/HJFyglfu17eA        
Conflicts of interest: None        

References:    

1. Cameron AJ, Higgins JA. Linear gastric erosion. A lesion associated with large diaphragmatic hernia and chronic blood loss anemia. Gastroenterology. 1986; 91: 338–342. [Link]
2. Camus M, et al. Severe upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage from linear gastric ulcers in large hiatal hernias: a large prospective case series of Cameron ulcers. Endoscopy 2013; 45: 397–400. [Link]
3. Lara LF, et al. Dieulafoy lesions of the GI tract: localization and therapeutic outcomes. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55: 3436–3441. [Link]
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Authors: Jochen Weigt and Arne Kandulski    
Affiliation:
Jochen Weigt is a Professor and Section leader of Endoscopy at the Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44 39120 Magdeburg, Germany. 
Arne Kandulski is Head of the University Endoscopy Department at the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany. 
Correspondence:     
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/sfsGTLX3Rybn    
Conflicts of interest:
JW receives honorary for lectures and research grant from Fujifilm Europe.
AK receives speaker, consultancy and advisory board fees from Roche Pharma AG, Eisai GmbH, Abbvie Deutschland, Janssen-Cilag, Boston Scientific Corp., Micro-Tech Europe, Bayer Vital GmbH, and Bristol Myers Squibb.     

References:  

1. Ho S-H, Uedo N, Aso A, et al. Development of Image-enhanced Endoscopy of the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Review of History and Current Evidences. Journal of clinical gastroenterology 2018; 52: 295–306. [Link]
2. Zhao Z, Yin Z, Wang S, et al. Meta-analysis: The diagnostic efficacy of chromoendoscopy for early gastric cancer and premalignant gastric lesions. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 2016; 31: 1539–45. [Link]
3. Kikuste I, Marques-Pereira R, Monteiro-Soares M, et al. Systematic review of the diagnosis of gastric premalignant conditions and neoplasia with high-resolution endoscopic technologies. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology 2013; 48: 1108–17. [Link]
4. Pimentel-Nunes P, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Soares JB, et al. A multicenter validation of an endoscopic classification with narrow band imaging for gastric precancerous and cancerous lesions. Endoscopy 2012; 44: 236–46. [Link]
5. Dias-Silva D, Pimentel-Nunes P, Magalhães J, et al. The learning curve for narrow-band imaging in the diagnosis of precancerous gastric lesions by using Web-based video. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2014; 79: 910–20; quiz 983-e1, 983.e4. [Link]
6. Esposito G, Pimentel-Nunes P, Angeletti S, et al. Endoscopic grading of gastric intestinal metaplasia (EGGIM): a multicenter validation study. Endoscopy 2019; 51: 515–521. [Link]
7. Shu X, Wu G, Zhang Y, et al. Diagnostic value of linked color imaging based on endoscopy for gastric intestinal metaplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of translational medicine 2021; 9: 506. [Link]
8. Zhang G, Zheng J, Zheng L, et al. Gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment between linked color imaging based on endoscopy and pathology. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology 2021; 56: 103–110. [Link]
9. Subramaniam S, Kandiah K, Schoon E, et al. Development and validation of the international Blue Light Imaging for Barrett’s Neoplasia Classification. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2020; 91: 310–320. [Link]
10. de Groof AJ, Fockens KN, Struyvenberg MR, et al. Blue-light imaging and linked-color imaging improve visualization of Barrett’s neoplasia by nonexpert endoscopists. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2020; 91: 1050–1057. [Link]

Authors: Cristina Carretero and Reena Sidhu        
Affiliation:
Cristina Carretero is a Gastroenterologist at University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain. 
Reena Sidhu is a Consultant Gastroenterologist & Hon Sen Lecturer University of Sheffield. FRCP MD. Academic unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK.     
Correspondence:      
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/cTQrDVFIYZt2        
Conflicts of interest: None     

References:

1. Pennazio M, Spada C, Eliakim R, et al. Small-bowel capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy for diagnosis and treatment of small-bowel disorders: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Clinical Guideline. Endoscopy 2015; 47: 352–386. [Link]
2. Maiden L, Thjodleifsson B, Seigal A, et al. Long-Term Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Cyclooxygenase-2 Selective Agents on the Small Bowel: A Cross- Sectional Capsule Enteroscopy Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 5: 1040–1045. [Link]
3. Sidhu R, Brunt LK, Morley SR, et al. Undisclosed use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may underlie small-bowel injury observed by capsule endoscopy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 8: 992–995. [Link]
4. Liao Z, Gao R, Xu C, et al. Indications and detection, completion, and retention rates of small-bowel capsule endoscopy: a systematic review. Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 71: 280–286. [Link]
5. Rondonotti E, Spada C, Adler S, et al. Small-bowel capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy for diagnosis and treatment of small-bowel disorders: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Technical Review. Endoscopy 2018; 50: 423–446. [Link]
6. Nemeth A, Kopylov U, Koulaouzidis A, et al. Use of patency capsule in patients with established Crohn’s disease. Endoscopy 2016; 48: 373–379. [Link]

Authors: Richard Azevedo and Mário Dinis-Ribeiro        
Affiliation: Richard Azevedo and Mário Dinis-Ribeiro are at the Department of Gastroenterology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Portugal.        
Correspondence:         
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/vyj1ze2vPLYZ        
Conflicts of interest: None        

References:

1. Ono S, Fujishiro M, Kodashima S, et al. Evaluation of safety of endoscopic biopsy without cessation of antithrombotic agents in Japan. Journal of Gastroenterology 2012; 47: 770–774. [Link]
2. Whitson MJ, Dikman AE, von Althann C, et al. Is gastroduodenal biopsy safe in patients receiving aspirin and clopidogrel?: a prospective, randomized study involving 630 biopsies. Journal of clinical gastroenterology 2011; 45: 228–33. [Link]
3. Veitch AM, Radaelli F, Alikhan R, et al. Endoscopy in patients on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy: British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline update. Gut 2021; 70: 1611–1628. [Link]
4. Acosta RD, Abraham NS, Chandrasekhara V, et al. The management of antithrombotic agents for patients undergoing GI endoscopy. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2016; 83: 3–16. [Link]
5. Sancho-Poch FJ, Balanzó J, Ocaña J, et al. An evaluation of gastric biopsy in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 1978; 24: 281–282. [Link]
6. Misumi A, Mori K, Ikeda T, et al. Evaluation of fibergastroscopic biopsy in the diagnosis of gastric cancer: a study of 339 cases. Gastroenterologia Japonica 1978; 13: 255–63. [Link]
7. Lal N, Bhasin DK, Malik AK, et al. Optimal number of biopsy specimens in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the oesophagus. Gut 1992; 33: 724–726. [Link]
8. Choi Y, Choi HS, Jeon WK, et al. Optimal Number of Endoscopic Biopsies in Diagnosis of Advanced Gastric and Colorectal Cancer. Journal of Korean Medical Science 2012; 27: 36–39. [Link]
9. Pimenta-Melo AR, Monteiro-Soares M, Libânio D, et al. Missing rate for gastric cancer during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology 2016; 28: 1041–9. [Link]
10. Pouw RE, Barret M, Biermann K, et al. Endoscopic tissue sampling - Part 1: Upper gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatobiliary tracts. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline. Endoscopy 2021; 53: 1174–1188. [Link]
11. Pouw RE, Bisschops R, Gecse KB, et al. Endoscopic tissue sampling - Part 2: Lower gastrointestinal tract. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline. Endoscopy 2021; 53: 1261–1273. [Link]
12. Han KS, Sohn DK, Choi DH, et al. Prolongation of the period between biopsy and EMR can influence the nonlifting sign in endoscopically resectable colorectal cancers. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2008; 67: 97–102. [Link]

Authors: Manmeet Matharoo, Srivathsan Ravindran and Siwan Thomas-Gibson        
Affiliation:
Manmeet Matharoo is a consultant Gastroenterologist at St Mark’s Hospital, London. 
Srivathsan Ravindran is a research fellow based at St Mark’s Hospital, Imperial College London and the Joint Advisory Group on Gastrointestinal endoscopy (JAG), London, UK.
Siwan Thomas-Gibson is a gastroenterologist and specialist endoscopist and Deputy Director of Bowel Cancer Screening at St Mark’s Hospital, London, London, UK. She was the appointed Dean of St Mark’s Hospital Academic Institute in 2019-2021.      
Correspondence:         
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/7WbNZU9z8WbQ        
Conflicts of interest: None        

References:

1. Rees CJ, Trebble TM, Wagner CV, et al. British Society of Gastroenterology position statement on patient experience of GI endoscopy. Gut 2020; 69: 1718–1719. [Link]
2. Maurice JB, Rochford A, Marshall S, et al. Green endoscopy: using quality improvement to develop sustainable practice. Frontline Gastroenterology 2022; 13: 342–345. [Link]
3. British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI), and Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland (AUGIS)  Guidance on the indications for diagnostic upper gi endoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy. 2013. [Link]
4. Ravindran S, Haycock A, Woolf K, et al. Development and impact of an endoscopic non-technical skills (ENTS) behavioural marker system. BMJ simulation & technology enhanced learning 2020; 7: 17–25. [Link]
5. Hicks M MS Caitlin W. Improving Safety and Quality of Care With Enhanced Teamwork Through Operating Room Briefings. JAMA Surgery 2014; 149: 863–868. [Link]
6. Matharoo M, Thomas-Gibson S, Haycock A, et al. Implementation of an endoscopy safety checklist. Frontline Gastroenterology 2014; 5: 260–265. [Link]
7. Gralnek IM, Bisschops R, Matharoo M, et al. Guidance for the implementation of a safety checklist for gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (ESGENA) Position Statement. Endoscopy 2022; 54: 206–210. [Link]
8. Ching H-L, Lau MS, Azmy IA, et al. Performance measures for the SACRED team-centered approach to advanced gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Quality Improvement Initiative. Endoscopy 2022; 54: 712–722. [Link]
9. Everett SM, Griffiths H, Nandasoma U, et al. Guideline for obtaining valid consent for gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures. Gut 2016; 65: 1585–1601. [Link]
10. Choy MC, Matharoo M, Thomas-Gibson S. Diagnostic ileocolonoscopy: getting the basics right. Frontline Gastroenterology 2020; 11: 484–490. [Link]
11. Gavin DR, Valori RM, Anderson JT, et al. The national colonoscopy audit: a nationwide assessment of the quality and safety of colonoscopy in the UK. Gut 2013; 62: 242–249. [Link]
12. Anderson R, Burr NE, Valori R. Causes of Post-Colonoscopy Colorectal Cancers Based on World Endoscopy Organization System of Analysis. Gastroenterology 2020; 158: 1287-1299.e2. [Link]
13. Kaminski MF, Thomas-Gibson S, Bugajski M, et al. Performance measures for lower gastrointestinal endoscopy: a European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) quality improvement initiative. UEG Journal 2017; 5: 309–334. [Link]
14. Kaminski MF, Wieszczy P, Rupinski M, et al. Increased Rate of Adenoma Detection Associates With Reduced Risk of Colorectal Cancer and Death. Gastroenterology 2017; 153: 98–105. [Link]
15. Manfredi MA, Dayyeh BKA, Bhat YM, et al. Electronic chromoendoscopy. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2015; 81: 249–261. [Link]
16. Repici A, Spadaccini M, Antonelli G, et al. Artificial intelligence and colonoscopy experience: lessons from two randomised trials. Gut 2022; 71: 757–765. [Link]
17. Kröner PT, Engels MM, Glicksberg BS, et al. Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: A state-of-the-art review. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021; 27: 6794–6824. [Link]
18. Siau K, Crossley J, Dunckley P, et al. Direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) assessment in diagnostic gastroscopy: nationwide evidence of validity and competency development during training. Surgical Endoscopy 2019; 34: 105–114. [Link]
19. Ravindran S, Matharoo M, Coleman M, et al. Teamworking in endoscopy: a human factors toolkit for the COVID-19 era. Endoscopy 2020; 52: 879–883. [Link]
20. Ravindran S, Healey C, Coleman M, et al. Validation of the TEAM-ENTS (teamwork in endoscopy assessment module for endoscopic non-technical skills) framework. Endoscopy 2022; 54: S171 [Link]
21. Lee TJ, Siau K, Esmaily S, et al. Development of a national automated endoscopy database: The United Kingdom National Endoscopy Database (NED). UEG Journal 2019; 7: 798–806. [Link]
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Authors: Francesco Auriemma and Alessandro Repici        
Affiliation:
Francesco Auriemma and Alessandro Repici are at the Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy. 
Alessandro Repici is also at the Humanitas University, Rozzano, MI, Italy.       
Correspondence: [email protected]    
Link to online article: ttps://gutflix.eu/r/kG0n1LlVhG2z        
Conflicts of interest: None        
Online Video 1: https://youtu.be/G2I8XTtYVqc?feature=shared

References:    

1. Moss A, et al. Endoscopic mucosal resection outcomes and prediction of submucosal cancer from advanced colonic mucosal neoplasia. Gastroenterology 2011; 140: 1909–1918. [Link]
2. Rex DK, Hassan C, Bourke MJ. The colonoscopist’s guide to the vocabulary of colorectal neoplasia: histology, morphology, and management. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2017; 86: 253–263. [Link]
3. Klein A and Bourke MJ. How to perform high-quality endoscopic mucosal resection during colonoscopy. Gastroenterology 2017; 152: 466–471. [Link]
4. Fahrtash-Bahin F et al. Snare tip soft coagulation achieves effective and safe endoscopic hemostasis during wide-field endoscopic resection of large colonic lesions (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 78: 158–163. [Link]
5. Burgess NG et al. Risk factors for intraprocedural and clinically significant delayed bleeding after wide-field endoscopic mucosal resection of large colonic lesions. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 12: 651–661.e3. [Link]

Authors: Lynn Debels and David J. Tate        
Affiliation:
Lynn Debels is a gastroenterologist and a fellow in Interventional Endoscopy at the University Hospital of Ghent, C Heymanslaan 10, Belgium. 
David J. Tate is a British Interventional Endoscopist at theUniversity Hospital of Ghent, C Heymanslaan 10, Belgium    
Correspondence:         
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/6cv1x6VUA7NL        
Conflicts of interest:
DJT consulting fees and research support from Olympus Medical.
LD no conflicts of interest.         

References:    

1. Winawer SJ, Zauber AG, Ho MN, et al. Prevention of colorectal cancer by colonoscopic polypectomy. The National Polyp Study Workgroup. The New England journal of medicine 1993; 329: 1977–81. [Link]
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Authors: Joaquín Castillo-Iturra, Antoni Castells and Francesc Balaguer        
Affiliation:
Joaquín Castillo-Iturra, Antoni Castells and Francesc Balaguer are at the Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Spain; Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD) and the Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salud, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain        
Correspondence:         
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/0zX4pUOs8f0h        
Conflicts of interest: None        

References:    

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Authors: Sabine Roman and François Mion    
Affiliation: Sabine Roman and François Mion are at the Department of Digestive Physiology, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Lyon I University, Lyon, France.    
Correspondence:     
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/yyC37v5T8EGN    
Conflicts of interest: SR has served as consultant for Sandhill Scientific and Medtronic. FM has served as consultant for Medtronic.    

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Authors: Javier Molina-Infante and Alfredo J. Lucendo
Affiliation:
Javier Molina-Infante works at the Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de Caceres, Caceres, Spain and at Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain. 
Alfredo J. Lucendo works at the Centro de Investigación Biomédicaen Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain and at the Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Generalde Tomelloso, Ciudad Real, Spain.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/DPS58F7QudeJ
Conflicts of interest: None

References: 

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Authors: Rehan Haidry and Apostolis Papaefthymiou
Affiliation: Rehan Haidry and Apostolis Papaefthymiou are both at the Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, London, UK.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/yBxGZXAicLIi
Conflicts of interest:
AP declares no conflicts of interest.
RH has received research grant support from Pentax Medical, to support research infrastructure.

References:

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Authors: Eva P.D. Verheij, Roos E. Pouw and Jacques J. Bergman
Affiliation:
Jacques Bergman is a Professor of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Head of Endoscopy in the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Free University Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Roos Pouw, is Principle Investigator and Associate Professor at the same department.
Eva Verheij is a PhD fellow at the same department.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/W3MER1yasups
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

1. Weusten B, et al. Endoscopic management of Barrett's esophagus: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement. Endoscopy 2017; 49: 191–198. [Link]

Authors: Anthony O’Connor and Colm O’Moráin        
Affiliation: Anthony O’Connor and Colm O’Moráin are both at Tallaght Hospital/Trinity College Dublin, Belgard Road, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland.        
Correspondence:         
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/GpuDEO5dJ8zI        
Conflicts of interest: None        

References: 

1. van Blankenstein M, van Vuuren AJ, Looman CW, et al. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in the Netherlands. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013; 48: 794–800. [Link]
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3. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Morain CA on behalf of the European Helicobacter and Miscrobiota Study Group and Consensus panel, et al. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection—the Maastricht V/Florence consensus report. Gut 2017; 66: 6-30. [Link]
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Authors: William Waddingham and David G. Graham
Affiliation:
William Waddingham and David Graham are based at University College London Hospital and University College London, London, UK.
David Graham is a Consultant Gastroenterologist and Interventional Endoscopist and Clinical Lead at University College London Hospital and an Honorary Senior Lecturer at University College London, London, UK.
William Waddingham is a Gastroenterology Specialist Registrar and MRC Clinical Research Training Fellow.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/qubUItgOL1ZI
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

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Authors: Roos E. Pouw and Albert J. Bredenoord
Affiliation: Roos E. Pouw and Albert J. Bredenoord are at the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/Azi0tsVLd7zl
Conflicts of interest: REP declares no conflicts of interest. AJB has received speaker’s fees and research support from AstraZeneca, MMS and Medtronic.

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Author: Thomas Welbank
Affiliation: Thomas Welbank is working at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, England.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/xeBJNa4W92tC
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

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Authors: Sarah Williams, Samreen Malik and Shameer Mehta
Affiliation:
Sarah Williams is Lead Specialist Intestinal Failure Dietitian at the Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
Samreen Malik is a Pharmacologist at the Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
Shameer Mehta is Lead Pharmacist, intestinal failure and clinical nutrition at Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/ZjUUnjjWJA9N
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

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Authors: Ashley Bond and Simon Lal        
Affiliation:
Ashley Bond is a Consultant Gastroenterologist at Liverpool University Hospitals Foundation Trust, UK.
Simon Lal is a Consultant Gastroenterologist at Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust and a Professor at the University of Manchester, UK.        
Correspondence:         
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/uAQvzDfUvvBO        
Conflicts of interest: None        

References:    

1. Seres DS, Valcarcel M and Guillaume A. Advantages of enteral nutrition over parenteral nutrition. Ther Adv Gastroenterol 2013; 6: 157–167. [Link]
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Authors: Umberto Volta, Giacomo Caio and Roberto De Giorgio
Affiliation:
Umberto Volta is at the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. 
Giacomo Caio and Roberto De Giorgio both are at the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/YxIRQ95gpiFy
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

1. Al-Toma A, Volta U, Auricchio R, et al. European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) guideline for coeliac disease and other gluten-related disorders. United European Gastroenterol J 2019; 7: 583-613.  [Link]
2. Biagi F, Gobbi P, Marchese A, et al. Low incidence but poor prognosis of complicated coeliac disease: a retrospective multicentre study. Dig Liver Dis 2014; 46: 227–230.  [Link]
3. Ludvigsson JF, Bai JC, Biagi F, et al. Diagnosis and management of adult coeliac disease: guidelines from the British Society of Gastroenterology. Gut 2014; 63: 1210–1228.  [Link]
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6. Rubio-Tapia A, Hill ID, Semrad C, et al. American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines update: Diagnosis and management of celiac disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2023; 118: 59-76.  [Link]
7. Salmi TT, Collin P, Järvinen O, et al. Immunoglobulin A autoantibodies against transglutaminase 2 in the small intestinal mucosa predict forthcoming coeliac disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006; 24: 541–552.  [Link]
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10. Volta U, Caio G, Stanghellini V, et al. The changing clinical profile of celiac disease: a 15-year experience (1998-2012) in an Italian referral center. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14: 194.  [Link]
11. Volta U, Rostami K, Auricchio R, et al. Diagnosis of Seronegative and Ultrashort Celiac Disease. Gastroenterology 2024; 167: 104–115.  [Link]

Authors: Umberto Volta, Giacomo Caio and Roberto De Giorgio
Affiliation:
Umberto Volta is at the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. 
Giacomo Caio and Roberto De Giorgio both are at the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/suY982TCZB4k
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

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12. Cellier C, Bouma G, van Gils T et al. [AGA Abstract 616] AMG 714 (ANTI-IL-15 MAB) halts the progression of aberrant intraepithelial lymphocytes in refractory celiac disease type ii (RCD-II): A phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating AMG 714 in adult patients with RCD-II/PRE-EATL. Gastroenterology 2018; 154 (6) Suppl 1: S-129–S-130.   AGA Abstract 616 AMG 714 (ANTI-IL-15 MAB) halts the progression of aberrant intraepithelial lymphocytes in refractory celiac disease type ii (RCD-II): A phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating AMG 714 in adult patients with RCD-II/PRE-EATL. Gastroenterology 2018; 154 (6) Suppl 1: S-129–S-130.
13. Nijeboer P, van Wanrooij R, van Gils T, et al. Lymphoma development and survival in refractory coeliac disease type II: Histological response as prognostic factor. United Eur Gastroenterol J 2017; 5: 208–217.  [Link]
14. Al-Toma A, Volta U, Auricchio R, et al. European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) guideline for coeliac disease and other gluten-related disorders. United Eur Gastroenterol J 2019; 7: 583–613.  [Link]
15. Roma E, Roubani A, Kolia E, et al. Dietary compliance and life style of children with coeliac disease. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2010; 23: 176–182.  [Link]
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Authors: Simone J. Rottier, Anna A.W. van Geloven, W. Hermien Schreurs and Marja A. Boermeester
Affiliation:     
Simone J. Rottier is an MD working in the Department of Surgery at Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 
Anna A.W. van Geloven is a gastrointestinal surgeon at the Department of Surgery at Tergooi, Hilversum, The Netherlands.
W. Hermien Schreurs is a lung and gastrointestinal surgeon in the Department of Surgery, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar/Den Helder, The Netherlands.
Marja A. Boermeester is a professor of surgery and a clinical epidemiologist in the Department of Surgery at Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/3gJO4YH5cMlO
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

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Authors: Jonathan P. Segal, Susan K. Clark and Ailsa L. Hart
Affiliation:
Jonathan Segal is a specialist gastreonterology registrar, and Susan Clark is a consultant colorectal surgeon at St Mark’s Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom and in the Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK.
Ailsa Hart is a consultant gastroenterologist at St Mark’s Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom and in the Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/Qw8r7Pe2y9lA
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

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Authors: Carolina Malagelada and Luis G. Alcala-Gonzalez
Affiliation:
Carolina Malagelada and Luis G. Alcalá-González are both at Digestive Motility Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomade Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red deEnfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Spain.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/15hNdhAHZrsB
Conflicts of interest: CM has served as a consultant for Alfasigma. LA has no conflicts of interest.

References:

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10. Alcala-Gonzalez LG, Malagelada C, Galan C, et al. Propagation patterns of jejunal motor activity measured by high-resolution water-perfused manometry. Neurogastroenterol Motil Off J Eur Gastrointest Motil Soc 2021; 33: e14240.  [Link]
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13. Ohkubo H, Kessoku T, Fuyuki A, et al. Assessment of small bowel motility in patients with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction using cine-MRI. Am J Gastroenterol 2013; 108: 1130–1139.  [Link]
14. Menys A, Butt S, Emmanuel A, et al. Comparative quantitative assessment of global small bowel motility using magnetic resonance imaging in chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and healthy controls. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28: 376–383.  [Link]
15. Alcalá-González LG, Accarino A, Martí R, et al. Distinctive gastrointestinal motor dysfunction in patients with MNGIE. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35: e14643.  [Link]
16. Mann SD, Debinski HS, Kamm MA. Clinical characteristics of chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction in adults. Gut 1997; 41: 675–681.  [Link]
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18. O’Dea CJ, Brookes JH, Wattchow DA. The efficacy of treatment of patients with severe constipation or recurrent pseudo-obstruction with pyridostigmine. Colorectal Dis Off J Assoc Coloproctology G B Irel 2010; 12: 540–548.  [Link]
19. Sabbagh C, Amiot A, Maggiori L, et al. Non-transplantation surgical approach for chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction: analysis of 63 adult consecutive cases. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25: e680-686.  [Link]
20. Sogawa H, Costa G, Armanyous S, et al. Twenty Years of Gut Transplantation for Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction: Technical Innovation, Long-term Outcome, Quality of Life, and Disease Recurrence. Ann Surg 2021; 273: 325–333.  [Link]

Authors: Joyce V. Veld, Paul Fockens and Jeanin E. van Hooft
Affiliation:
Joyce Veld is a PhD student in the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and the Department of Surgery,
Paul Fockens is Head of the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
and Jeanin van Hooft is a Gastroenterologist in the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/7Gy9CGZ1yv0B
Conflicts of interest: None

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Author: Francesco Saverio Papadia
Affiliation: Francesco Saverio Papadia is an Associated Professor at the Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC) at the University of Genoa School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/bwZyTL8CvtvS
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

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Authors: Philip Allan, Jonathan Epstein and Simon Lal
Affiliation: 
Philip Allan is a Consultant Gastroenterologist at Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK. 
Jonathan Epstein is a General and Colorectal Surgeon at Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, UK
Simon Lal is a Consultant Gastroenterologist at the University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/Z7q2deM7Sb9z
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

1. Lal S, et al. Review article: intestinal failure. Aliment Pharmacol Therapeut 2006; 24: 19–31. [Link]
2. Visschers RG, et al. Treatment strategies in 135 consecutive patients with enterocutaneous fistulas. World J Surg 2008; 32: 445–453. [Link]
3. Scripcariu V, et al. Reconstructive abdominal operations after laparostomy and multiple repeat laparotomies for severe intra-abdominal infection. Br J Surg 1994; 81: 1475–1478. [Link]
4. Visschers RG, et al. Guided treatment improves outcome of patients with enterocutaneous fistulas. World J Surg 2012; 36: 2341–2348. [Link]

Authors: Phil Tozer and John T. Jenkins        
Affiliation: Phil Tozer and John T Jenkins are at St. Mark’s Hospital, London, UK.        
Correspondence:         
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/qfXqplkS8CsI        
Conflicts of interest: None        

References:    

1. Riss S, et al. The prevalence of hemorrhoids in adults. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2012; 27: 215–220. [Link]
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Authors: Edward J. Despott, Andrea Telese and Alberto Murino
Affiliation:
Edward J. Despott is the lead consultant gastroenterologist and interventional endoscopist, 
Andrea Telese is an endoscopy fellow and 
Alberto Murino is a consultant gastroenterologist and interventional endoscopist at the Royal Free Unit for Endoscopy, University College London (UCL) Institute for Liver and Digestive Health and The Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/zRweqfXpP7n4
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

1. Lau WY, et al. Preoperative and intraoperative localisation of gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin. Gut 1987; 28: 869–877.  [Link]
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Authors: Hameed Rafiee and Stuart Taylor        
Affiliation:
Hameed Rafiee is at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, UK. 
Stuart Taylor is at University College Hospital, London, UK.        
Correspondence:         
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/vx2W26hjZKne        
Conflicts of interest: None        

References:    

1. Busireddy KK, et al. Pancreatitis—imaging approach. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2014; 5: 252–270. [Link]
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Authors: Andreas Jessen Gjengstø, Kim Nylund, Hilde Løland von Volkmann and Odd Helge Gilja    
Affiliation:
Andreas J. Gjengstø is a Consultant at Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Haukelandsbakken 22, 5021 Bergen, Norway and currently working on his Ph.D at the University ofBergen, Norway.
Kim Nylund is an Associate Professor at the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen and a Consultant and Clinical Researcher, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Hilde L. vonVolkmann is a Consultant gastroenterologist, Head of the IBD-group Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine,Haukeland University Hospital, Norway.
Odd H. Gilja is a Professor at the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen; Senior Consultant and  Director at National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.    
Correspondence: [email protected]    
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/CCE7C5rPps4O    
Conflicts of interest:
OHG has received speaker honoraria from the following companies: AbbVie, Bracco, Almirall, GE Healthcare, Takeda AS, Meda AS, Ferring AS, Allergan, and Janssen-Cilag. He has served as consultant for Bracco, GE Healthcare, Takeda and Samsung. KN and HLvV has received lecture fees from Takeda and Janssen. AJG has no conflict of interest.

References:

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Authors: Xavier Dray, Nathan Grellier and Antoine Guilloux
Affiliation:
Xavier Dray is at the Centre for Digestive Endoscopy at Sorbonne University & APHP Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France.
Nathan Grellier is at Sorbonne University, Department of Gastroenterology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
Antoine Guilloux is at the Centre for Digestive Endoscopy, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/NJVzqhkV1vtp
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

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Authors: Iris Kats, Frans J.C. Cuperus and Eric T. Tjwa
Affiliation:
Iris Kats is a gastroenterology and hepatology resident at University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands.
Frans JC Cuperus is a gastroenterologist and hepatologist at University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands.
Eric T Tjwa is a gastroenterologist and hepatologist at Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/ZVsg4KDKn6E7
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

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Authors: Julian G. Yeh and Philip N. Newsome
Affiliation:
Julian G. Yeh is at the Department of Liver Medicine, Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
Philip N. Newsome is a Professor, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/IlfEjIyCGlHr
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

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Authors: Francisco Faustino, Pedro Marques da Costa and Helena Cortez-Pinto
Affiliation: 
Francisco de Oliveira Faustino and Pedro Marques da Costa are at Serviço de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia – Hospital de SantaMaria, Unidade Local de Saúde Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal.
Helena Cortez-Pinto is also at Serviço de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia – Hospital de Santa Maria and Laboratóriode Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/gPBX3vACnr0N
Conflicts of interest: None

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Authors: Upkar S. Gill and Patrick T.F. Kennedy
Affiliation:     
Upkar Gill is an Academic Clinical Lecturer & Honorary Specialist Registrar in Gastroenterology & Hepatology and
Patrick Kennedy is a Reader & Honorary Consultant Hepatologist at Barts Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/pCyDvt7EUWGl
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

1. Stanaway JD, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, et al. The global burden of viral hepatitis from 1990 to 2013: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2016; 388: 1081–1088.  [Link]
2. Gill US and Kennedy PTF. The impact of currently licensed therapies on viral and immune responses in chronic hepatitis B: Considerations for future novel therapeutics. J Viral Hepat 2019; 26: 4–15.  [Link]
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Authors: Tammo L. Tergast, Christoph Beier and Benjamin Maasoumy
Affiliation: 
Tammo Tergast is an intern and medical scientist, and 
Christoph Beier is a resident at the Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. 
Benjamin Maasoumy is a senior attending physician, research group leaderand lecturer at the Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, and a clinician scientist affiliated to the German Centre for Infection Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung DZIF), Partner-siteHannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/hufIVvXWAXOK
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

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Authors: Edoardo G. Giannini and Stephen H. Caldwell    
Affiliation: 
Edoardo G. Giannini is a Professor in the Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
Stephen H. Caldwell is a Professor and Director of Clinical Research in the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.  
Correspondence:     
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/jQzQTXfnzCi9    
Conflicts of interest: EGG reports acting as a consultant and serving on advisory boards for AbbVie, Bayer, EISAI, Gilead Sciences, GSK, MSD, Roche,  Shionogi and SOBI. SHC reports receiving relevant research support from DOVA, Shionogi and Daiichi    

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Authors: Spyridon Siakavellas and George Papatheodoridis
Affiliation: Spyridon Siakavellas and George Papatheodoridis are both at the Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital ofAthens “Laiko”, Athens, Greece.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/R4fdrrogCUh9
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

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Authors: Patrizia Burra and Alberto Zanetto
Affiliation: Patrizia Burra and Alberto Zanetto are at the Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy.
Correspondence: 
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/8fSrobWPcSRG
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

1. Adam R, et al. 2018 Annual report of the European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR) – 50-year evolution of liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2018; 31: 1293–1317.  [Link]
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10. Burra P and Germani G. Transplantation for acute alcoholic hepatitis. Clin Liver Dis 2017; 9: 141–143.  [Link]
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Author: Katja De Paepe
Affiliation: Katja De Paepe, Affiliate assistant professor at Cambridge, is an abdominal radiologist with a special interest in gastrointestinal and hepato-pancreatico-biliary imaging at the Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Hills Rd CB20QQ Cambridge, UK.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/rbx1jXVLthrq
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

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Authors: Marianna Arvanitakis and Martina Pezzullo
Affiliation:
Marianna Arvanitakis is a gastroenterologist in the Department of Gastroenterology, Hepato-pancreatology and Digestive Oncology.
Martina Pezzullo is a radiologist in the Department of Radiology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/w2DCm2P2NJ0D
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

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Authors: Andrada Seicean and Rodica Gincul
Affiliation: 
Andrada Seicean is Professor of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu Cluj-Napoca, Romania, working in the Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cluj-Napoca, Romania. 
Rodica Gincul works working in the Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Jean Mermoz Private Hospital, Lyon, France.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/GNVc4e81o8C5
Conflicts of interest: None

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Authors: Mathieu Pioche, Jérôme Rivory, Thierry Ponchon and Marion Schaefer
Affiliation: 
Mathieu Pioche, is a physician at the Department of Endoscopy and Gastroenterology Edouard Herriot Hospital and INSERM U1032, LabTau.
Jérôme Rivory is a physician at the Department of Endoscopy and Gastroenterology Edouard Herriot Hospital andINSERM U1032, LabTau. 
Thierry Ponchon is the Head of the Department of Endoscopy and Gastroenterology, Edouard HerriotHospital, Lyon, France, and INSERM U1032, LabTau, Lyon, France.
Marion Schaefer is a physician at the HepatogastroenterologyDepartment at Nancy Regional University Hospital, Nancy, France.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/l781po1mk7rg
Conflicts of interest: None

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Authors: Georg Beyer, Simon Sirtl, Elisabeth Orgler and Julia Mayerle
Affiliation: Georg Beyer, Simon Sirtl, Elisabeth Orgler and Julia Mayerle are at the Department of Medicine II, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.
Correspondence: 
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/sqeQO7hGlDC6
Conflicts of interest: None

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Authors: J. Enrique Domínguez-Muñoz and Giovanni Marchegiani
Affiliation: 
J. Enrique Domínguez-Muñoz is at the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. 
Giovanni Marchegiani is at the Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Italy.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/0wlIPIfXq2M2
Conflicts of interest: None

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Authors: Tim Raine and Nik Sheng Ding
Affiliation: 
Tim Raine is at the Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
Nik Ding is at the Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/thx4WixtgTtR
Conflicts of interest:
TR has received honoraria or consultation fees from Abbvie, Astellas, Dr Falk, Hospira, GSK, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer and Takeda. 
NSD has received honoraria or consultation fees from Abbvie, Dr Falk, Pfizer and Shire.

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Authors: Konstantinos Papamichail and Adam S. Cheifetz    
Affiliation:
Konstantinos Papamichail is a Physician Scientist at the Center of Inflammatory Bowel Disease at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and an Assistant Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, USA.
Adam S. Cheifetz is the Director of the Center of Inflammatory Bowel Disease at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA and an Assistant Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, USA.    
Correspondence:     
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/mrCRp4yUge5d    
Conflicts of interest:
K.P. received lecture/speaker fees from Physicians Education Resource LLC and Grifols; scientific advisory board fees from ProciseDx Inc and Scipher Medicine Corporation; and serves as a consultant for Prometheus Laboratories Inc. A.S.C. served as a consultant and or advisory board member for Janssen, Abbvie, Protagonist, Spherix, Artizan, Food is Good, Clario, Pfizer, Fresenius Kabi, Artugen, ProciseDx, Prometheus, Equillium, Samsung, Arena, Grifols, Bacainn, Bristol Myers Squibb, Takeda; unbranded speaker for BMS and Abbvie.  

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Authors: Christopher Palmer-Jones and James C. Lee    
Affiliation: 
Christopher Palmer-Jones is a Senior Fellow in Gastroenterology and IBD at the Royal Free Hospital, Pond St, London, UK.
James Lee is a Clinician Scientist Group Leader at the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, UK, where he leads the Genetic Mechanisms of Disease laboratory, and an Honorary Consultant Gastroenterologist at the Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.   
Correspondence:     
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/TPFTARtXD0qf    
Conflicts of interest: 
CPJ has no conflicts of interest. JCL reports financial support for research from GSK, consultancy fees from Abbvie, AgPlus Diagnostics, PredictImmune and C4X Discovery, and is a co-inventor on a patent, “Biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease”.    

References:

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Authors: Joseph Meredith, Konstantinos Gerasimidis and Richard K. Russell
Affiliation: 
Joseph Meredith is a paediatric gastroenterologist, and Richard K Russell is a consultant paediatric gastroenterologist and professor of paediatric gastroenterology and nutrition in the Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, The Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK.
Konstantinos Gerasimidis is a professor of clinical nutrition at the School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/m23gANb0qo9Q
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

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12. Svolos V, et al. Treatment of active Crohn’s disease with an ordinary food-based diet that replicates exclusive enteral nutrition. Gastroenterology 2019; 156: 1354–1367.  [Link]
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Authors: Matthew D. Rutter, Edyta Tulewicz-Marti and Axel Dignass
Affiliation: 
Edyta Tulewicz-Marti is at the Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior Affairs and Administration-Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Axel Dignass is at the Department of Medicine I, Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Matthew Rutter is Professor of Gastroenterology at Newcastle University and the University Hospital of North Tees, UK.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/mzdUeeTpmX3z, https://gutflix.eu/r/dRGlg7cb2wni
Conflicts of interest: None

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Authors: Paul McLellan and Julien Kirchgesner
Affiliation:
Julien Kirchgesner is Associate Professor at the Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
Paul McLellan is Assistant Professor at the Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/gvWIoKA9ROH4
Conflicts of interest: JK acknowledges receiving lectures fees from Gilead, Roche and Pfizer. PM declares no conflicts of interest.  

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5. Beaugerie L, Rahier JF and Kirchgesner J. Predicting, preventing, and managing treatment-related complications in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18: 1324–1335.e2.  [Link]
6. Winthrop KL, Melmed GY, Vermeire S, et al. Herpes zoster infection in patients with ulcerative colitis receiving tofacitinib. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24: 2258–65.  [Link]
7. Kucharzik T, Ellul P, Greuter T, et al. ECCO guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and management of infections in inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15: 879–913.  [Link]

Author: David Laharie    
Affiliation: David Laharie is an academic researcher and a gastroenterologist at the University Hospital Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.    
Correspondence:     
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/k7ktwcMk0RHZ    
Conflicts of interest: DL declares conflicts of interest with Abbvie, Amgen, Biogen, Celgene, Celltrion, Ferring, Galapagos, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Pfizer, Takeda, Theradiag, Tillots    

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Authors: Eugeni Domènech and Míriam Mañosa    
Affiliation: 
Eugeni Domènech is Head of the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, and 
Míriam Mañosa is Head of the Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain.    
Correspondence:     
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/8Zr8IOOT5dP9    
Conflicts of interest:
ED has served as a speaker for, or has received research or education funding or advisory fees from, AbbVie, Adacyte Therapeutics, Biogen, Celltrion, Gilead, Janssen, Kern Pharma, MSD, Pfizer, Roche, Samsung, Takeda, and Tillots. MM has served as a speaker, consultant and advisory member for, or has received research funding from, AbbVie, Gilead, Janssen, MSD, Pfizer, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Faes, Takeda and Tillots.    

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Author: Andreas Münch        
Affiliation: Andreas Münch is a senior consultant gastroenterologist in the Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences at Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, and President of the European Microscopic Colitis Group (EMCG).  
Correspondence:         
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/X1bddxmZdO8d        
Conflicts of interest: AM has received consulting fees from Ferring, Vifor, Falk Pharma and Tillotts; lecture fees from Ferring, Vifor, Janssen and Tillotts, and has received an unrestricted grant from Ferring and Tillotts.        

References:    

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5. Münch A, Mihaly E, Nagy F, et al. Budesonide as induction therapy for incomplete microscopic colitis: A randomised, placebo‐controlled multicentre trial. United European Gastroenterology Journal 2021; 9: 837–847. [Link]

Authors: Ilse Molendijk, Shannon L. Kanis and C. Janneke van der Woude
Affiliation: Ilse Molendijk, Janneke van der Woude and Shannon Kanis are at the Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Correspondence: 
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/drYxWtLZnlup
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

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Author: Mark Fox    
Affiliation: Mark Fox is at the Abdominal Center: Gastroenterology,St. Claraspital, CH-4016 Basel, Switzerland, and is Professor at theUniversity of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland    
Correspondence:     
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/PHEM5K6DtcU1    
Conflicts of interest: MF has received funding for research and/orsupport of educational projects by Given Imaging/Medtronic,Sandhill Scientific Instruments and Medical MeasurementSystems, Mui Scientific, Reckitt Benckiser, Astra Zeneca andNestlé.    

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Author: Mark Fox
Affiliation: Mark Fox is at the Abdominal Center: Gastroenterology,St. Claraspital, CH-4016 Basel, Switzerland, and is Professor at theUniversity of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Correspondence: 
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/kC7hUop6A4tM
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

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Author: Asma Fikree
Affiliation: Asma Fikree is a consultant gastroenterologist at the Royal London Hospital in London, UK, and an honorary senior lecturer at Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, UK.
Correspondence: 
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/kJ06tMLIQwMi
Conflicts of interest: None

References:

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Authors: Julian R.F. Walters, Hans Törnblom and Magnus Simrén
Affiliation: 
Julian RF Walters is a Professor of Gastroenterology at Imperial College London and Consultant Gastroenterologist at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
Hans Törnblom is Associate Professor of Gastroenterology at the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Magnus Simrén is Professor of Gastroenterology at the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/3alzxkVyRKpC, https://gutflix.eu/r/L7LgEkEswSDs
Conflicts of interest:
JRFW has acted as a consultant, speaker or advisory board member for, or his institution has received research funding from, Dr Falk, Enyo, GEHealthcare, Intercept, Metacrine, Novartis, Pendopharm and Prometheus.
HT has served as an advisory board member/consultant and/or speaker for Takeda, Tillotts, Biocodex, Dr Falk Pharma GmbH. 
MS has received unrestricted research grants from Glycom, and served as an advisory board member/consultant and/or speaker for Danone Nutricia Research, Ironwood, Menarini, Biocodex, Genetic Analysis AS, DSM, Tillotts, Takeda, Arena, Kyowa Kirin, Adnovate, Atnahs Pharma, Takeda, AlfaSigma, Sanofi, Janssen Immunology, Pfizer, Ferrer, and Falk Foundation.

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Author: Robin Spiller
Affiliation: Robin Spiller is at NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at the Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham in the Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Schoolof Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Correspondence: 
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/lpdpj6t56o8x
Conflicts of interest: None

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8. Biesiekierski JR, Peters SL, Newnham ED, et al. No effects of gluten in patients with self-reported non-celiac gluten sensitivity after dietary reduction of fermentable, poorly absorbed, short-chain carbohydrates. Gastroenterology 2013; 145: 320-328 e321-323.  [Link]
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11. Longstreth GF and Yao JF. Irritable bowel syndrome and surgery: a multivariable analysis. Gastroenterology 2004; 126: 1665-1673.  [Link]

Authors: Zlatan Mujagic, Jenny Brouns, Daniel Keszthelyi and Jean W.M. Muris    
Affiliation:
Zlatan Mujagic is a gastroenterologist, and Daniel Keszthelyi is a gastroenterologist and Head of the Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology at Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands. In addition, they both work as clinical researchers at the NUTRIM School for Nutrition, and Translational Research in Metabolism at Maastricht University. 
Jenny Brouns is a dietitian in the Department of Dietetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands. 
Jean Muris is a general practitioner and Chair of the Department of Family Medicine at the Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.    
Correspondence:     
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/QFSYpEgzGl1Z    
Conflicts of interest:
ZM, JB and JWMM declare they have no conflicts of interest in relation to this article. 
DK has received research funding from Will Pharma, Allergan, Grunenthal, ZonMw, MLDS, UEG, ESCP and the Rome Foundation.    

References:

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2. Tornkvist NT, et al. Health care utilization of individuals with Rome IV irritable bowel syndrome in the general population. United European Gastroenterol J, 2021; 9: 1178–1188.  [Link]
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16. Aguilera-Lizarraga J, et al. Local immune response to food antigens drives meal-induced abdominal pain. Nature 2021; 590: 151–156.  [Link]
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Authors: Claudia Barber and Jordi Serra
Affiliation: 
Claudia Barber is a pre-doc specialist in Gastroenterology at Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Valld’Hebron, 08035-Barcelona, Spain. 
Jordi Serra is the Head of the GI Motility Section of the University Hospital Vall d’Hebron in Barcelona, Spain.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/mOf6PZXuv9d6
Conflicts of interest: 
CB declares no conflicts of interest. 
JS acted as consultant/speaker or received research support from Allergan, Bayer, Salvat, Norgine, Cassen-Recordati and Reckitt Benkiser"

References:

1. Mearin et al. Clinical practice guidelines: irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and functional constipation in adults: Concept, diagnosis, and healthcare continuity. (Part 1 of 2). Aten Primaria 2017; 49: 42-55.  [Link]
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Authors: Sadé L. Assmann, Stephanie O. Breukink, Daniel Keszthelyi
Affiliation: 
Daniel Keszthelyi is a professor in gastroenterology and Head of the Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology at Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Stephanie Breukink is an associate professor and colorectal surgeon at Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 256229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Sadé Assmann is a PhD candidate at NUTRIM, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/ZvZkwHQYnWgU
Conflicts of interest: 
LA declares no conflicts of interest in relation to this article. 
SOB has received research funding from Zonmw, ESCP and UEG. 
DK has received research funding from Will Pharma, Allergan, Grunenthal, ZonMw, MLDS, UEG, ESCP, Horizon 2020 and the Rome Foundation."

Reference:

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Authors: Raoul I. Furlano, Jorge Amil-Dias, Lissy de Ridder and Christos Tzivinikos
Affiliation: 
Raoul I Furlano is Head of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, University Children’s Hospital Basel, Switzerland.
Jorge Amil-Dias is a Pediatric Gastroenterologist at Hospital Lusiadas, Porto; Retired from Centro Hospitalar Universitário.S. João, Porto, Portugal. 
Lissy de Ridder is at the Department ofPaediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus MC/Sophia Children’sHospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 
Christos Tzivinikos is Headof Paediatric Gastroenterology Department Al Jalila Children’s Specialty Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/upfT9xh0FIzI
Conflicts of interest: None

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Authors: Neil Chanchlani and Richard K. Russell
Affiliation: Neil Chanchlani is at Royal Free London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. Richard K.Russell is at The Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Correspondence: 
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/MscMs42VP3lZ
Conflicts of interest: 
NC declares no conflicts of interest. 
RKR has received consultation fees, research grants, or honorarium, from Nestlé, AbbVie, Takeda, Napp, Mead Johnson, Nutricia and Janssen.

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Authors: Michelle N. Bloem, Ilan J.N. Koppen, Fleur de Lorijn, Max Nieuwdorp and Marc A. Benninga    
Affiliation: 
Michelle N. Bloem, Ilan J.N. Koppen, Fleur de Lorijn, and Marc A.Benninga work at Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (UMC), Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Max Nieuwdorp is at the Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC and the Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 
Michelle N. Bloem is also working at the Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute.  
Correspondence:     
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/djvxDALwivge    
Conflicts of interest: 
MAB is a consultant for Mallinckrodt, Shire, Danone, FrieslandCampina, HIPP, Norgine, Coloplast, United Pharmaceuticals, and Wellspect. All honoraria were paid to the hospital (Amsterdam UMC). IJNK received research funding from Wellspect Healthcare and The EuroQol Research Foundation. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.    

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Authors: Jorge Amil-Dias, Hans Törnblom, Moriam Mustapha and Patrizia Burra
Affiliation: 
Jorge Amil-Dias is a pediatrician and pediatric gastroenterologist and consultant at the Hospital Lusíadas, Porto, Portugal.
Hans Törnblom is an associate professor of gastroenterology at the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Moriam Mustapha is a registered dietician at Evelina London, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
Patrizia Burra is a professor of gastroenterology and Head of the Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, Italy.
Correspondence:
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/QHRmCXVg9kFU
Conflicts of interest:
JA-D Served as member of advisory board: Adacolumn, Danone. Receipt of payment/honorarium for lectures: Danone. Receipt of payment/honorarium for consultation: Bristol-Meyers Squibb. 
HT has served as an advisory board member/consultant and/or speaker for Biocodex, Cinclus Pharma, Dr Falk Pharma GmbH, Medifactia, Takeda, Tillotts, VIPUN Medical. 
PB has served as an advisory board member/consultant and/or speaker for Biotest; Kedrion; Astellas; Gilead; Sandoz; Chiesi Farmaceutici. MM has no conflict of interest.

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Authors: Ilse Julia Broekaert, Jorge Amil Dias, Matjaž Homan and Christos Tzivinikos
Affiliation: 
Ilse Julia Broekaert Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Jorge Amil Dias Paediatric Gastroenterology consultant at Hospital Lusíadas, Porto, Portugal. 
Matjaž Homan Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. 
Christos Tzivinikos Paediatric Gastroenterology Consultant at Al Jalila Children’s Specialty Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates and Clinical Associate Professor at Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences.
Correspondence: 
Link to online article: https://gutflix.eu/r/uDnojhKpYwYr
Conflicts of interest: None

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